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Governor Lee Jae-myung, Governor of Gyeonggi Province... ¡°Suggesting three policies toward North Korea¡±
What variables should be made for peace on the Korean Peninsula? You have to approach three tracks...
-Dr. Ohjoong Kwon
With the by-election of the mayors of Seoul and Busan nearing the corner, the political scene in Korea has entered an election season again. In addition, interest in the presidential election, which will be held next spring, is growing. Among the candidates for passport these days, Gyeonggi Gyeonggi Governor Lee Jae-myeong stands out. In the course of Governor Lee Jae-myung's attempt to become a candidate for the presidential election of the passport, I will give advice on how to propose and go about North Korea policy.
One of the most important issues for successive presidential candidates in the Korean presidential election was North Korea policy. Anti-communism, victory, and destruction were de facto policies toward North Korea until the end of the 1960s, following the Korean division and the Korean War in 1948. However, in the early 1970s, as the global East-West Detente entered the era, the first informal inter-Korean contact was made in inter-Korean relations, and the result was the 7.4 inter-Korean joint name in 1972. From this time on, North Korea's policy was ¡°Three Basic Principles of Peaceful Unification¡± (Park Jung-hee Administration), ¡°National Harmony and Democratic Unification Plan¡± (Chun Doo-Hwan Administration), ¡°Korean Community Unification Plan¡± (Roh Tae-woo Administration), and ¡°Three Steps for Building Korean Community Three principles of unification plan¡± (Kim Young-sam administration), ¡°Three principles toward North Korea (Sunshine Policy)¡± (Kim Dae-jung government), etc., and also inherited the Kim Dae-jung administration¡¯s sunshine policy during the Roh Moo-hyun administration.
In 2008, the Lee Myung-bak administration, based on the achievements and limitations of the existing policies, proposed a mutually beneficial and co-prosperous policy toward North Korea from the viewpoint of establishing normal inter-Korean relations and promoting substantial relations development. Presented (non-nuclear-open 3000 concept). However, with the so-called ¡°5.24 measure¡± completely suspended support for North Korea, inter-Korean relations fell into a crunch again. Launched in 2013, the Park Geun-hye administration's policy toward North Korea aimed to manage inter-Korean relations through a trust process on the Korean Peninsula and present a vision for unification, based on the national unification plan. And the Moon Jae-in regime, which took power in 2017, is focusing on signing a peace treaty based on inter-Korean dialogue.
From the Park Chung-hee administration to the Moon Jae-in administration, the stance of North Korea policy is based on a one-to-one relationship between the South and the North, although there are slight differences. However, the reason that these regimes' policies toward North Korea did not work was firstly because of the inconsistent attitude of the North Korean regime. Presidents Kim Dae-jung, Roh Moo-hyun, and Moon Jae-in visited North Korea, which opened up dialogue and showed the possibility of peaceful coexistence on the Korean Peninsula. However, since North Korea aimed to maintain its own system and provide economic support from us, it was a dream of a statue. And secondly, it is because successive governments made the mistake of limiting the division of the Korean peninsula to problems of the two Koreas.
Looking at Gyeonggi Governor Lee Jae-myung's perspective on North Korea policy, he, like the former Democratic Party (Open Uri Party) regimes, is likely to promote active dialogue. However, Governor Lee Jae-myeong should take the cases in which the full-time regimes failed as a teacher. Governor Lee Jae-myeong announced the plan to create a special unified economic zone that takes advantage of the characteristics of the northern Gyeonggi region, which is located at the decisive point of the South-North border region and the Yellow Sea economic belt during the 2018 local election. In addition, Governor Lee said that in May 2020, the Unification Ministry fully supported and welcomed the strategy for stating that the South Korean government's ¡°Measure 5.24¡± was ¡°losing effectiveness¡± against the South Korean government's administrative sanctions against North Korea. ¡°The attempt to resume economic cooperation between the two Koreas, which was cut off by the measure, must also be a prerequisite for dialogue between the two Koreas. In the end, Governor Lee Jae-myeong's policy toward North Korea is focused on the restoration of relations between the two Koreas.
In the course of Governor Lee Jae-myung's active role as a presidential candidate, what should be done to change the pattern of repetitive inter-Korean relations of ¡°conversation and severance of dialogue¡±? If Governor Lee Jae-myeong wants to succeed in the presidential election, it must start from the fact that the division of the Korean peninsula is not just a matter between the two Koreas.
Take Germany's unification as an example. The division of Germany was a product of the Potsdam Treaty. Therefore, for Germany to be unified, the consent of the parties to the Potsdam Treaty was required. That was the "2+4" treaty. In other words, Germany was able to achieve unification because the four countries that won World War II and East-West Germany, which were parties to the division, agreed together. However, since the current (secondary) division of the two Koreas was established as a ¡°truce treaty¡±, the agreement of the parties to the ¡°truce treaty¡± is necessary for peaceful unification of the Korean peninsula. This is an international legal prerequisite for reunification of the two Koreas. Germany's unification was possible by combining the ¡°change through approach¡± initiated by the left-wing regime and the ¡°predominance of power¡± by the right-wing regime. However, in the case of West Germany, what both right-wing and left-wing regimes have done in common was the establishment of a trust relationship with the four victorious countries that hold the key to German unification. In other words, as a member of NATO, it was an approach to the Soviet Union based on a strong trust relationship with the United States. This was because they needed their consent to normalize the relationship between East and West Germany. Eventually, in the East-West Detent era, the ¡°Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe¡± was launched in 1975 in an atmosphere of reconciliation and coexistence between East-West camps, and exchanges between East-West Germany based on this Was able to start in earnest.
However, in the case of the Korean Peninsula, the solution to the German problem cannot be followed. The reason is that first, the problem of the Korean peninsula cannot be solved through reconciliation between liberal democracy and communist camps as in the past, second, as North Korea became nuclear-armed, unilateral absorption and unification became impossible, and third, the parties to the armistice system were the United States Representative), China, and North Korea, not only because the Republic of Korea has fallen out of the main body of the division, and it is impossible to receive concessions from China as China emerges as the G2.
So, I would like to advise that Governor Lee Jae-myeong should proceed with three tracks of North Korea policy that can hold the trend. ¡ãFirst, along with a diplomatic approach ¡ãSecond, to promote dialogue with North Korea differently from before, and ¡ãThird, to persuade neighboring countries for the transition to a peace regime in which the Republic of Korea can be the subject of the treaty.
The diplomatic approach is to build another trust relationship by approaching China based on a strong trust relationship with the US like the West German governments in the past. In other words, it is not a choice between the United States and China. This is because even if the relationship with either of these two countries is broken, the attempts that the Korean government envisions cannot be pursued.
And, in terms of inter-Korean dialogue and economic cooperation, we will not argue at our own discretion as the West German governments did after Billy Brandt, but first go through consultations with the United States and China, and then propose a method of proposing the agreement to North Korea. You have to choose.
Lastly, in order to overcome the handicap of the Republic of Korea, which is not a party to the armistice system, a new system in which we participate as a subject, that is, the East Asian peace system, should be aimed at. This is because the peace regime in East Asia, in which the two Koreas join at the same time, as in the past "European Security Cooperation Conference" (CSCE), enables unsuspecting mutual exchanges between the two Koreas. "Change through Approach" initiated by the former West German Willy Brandt regime Only by starting the division can the disparity between the North and South Koreans over the period of 75 years or longer of division can be resolved little by little, and this is the most important prerequisite for unification.
After the establishment of the European Council on Security Cooperation in 1975, it took 15 years to unify Germany. There is still a long way for our people to go to realize a unified state. As shown in the case of Germany, the prerequisites for unification are peace and coexistence. I hope Gyeonggi Governor Lee Jae-myeong will be able to refine North Korea policy in the process of challenging the president.
*Writer/Kwon Ohjoong. Ph.D. in Philosophy (Contemporary History/Politics), University of Marburg (Philipps-Universität Marburg). Served as a senior researcher at Seoul National University Institute of Education Research. Served as a standing member of the Political and Diplomacy Division of Democratic Pyongtong. Teaching at many universities including Hankuk University of Foreign Studies. Currently head of the research department of the Institute for Foreign Affairs and Defense. Columnist.