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2. ÀüÀï ÀÌÈÄ ±×¸®°í ¼ö½Ê³â µ¿¾È Áö¼ÓµÈ ³ÃÀü üÁ¦ ÇÏÀÇ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ºÐ´Ü°ú ¹Ý°ø À̵¥¿Ã·Î±â°¡ ¾ï¾ÐÀûÀÎ ÅëÄ¡ À̵¥¿Ã·Î±â·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇϸ鼭 µ¶ÀçüÁ¦ÀÇ ±¸Ãà¿¡ ¾Ç¿ëµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̽¸¸ Á¤±ÇÀÌ ±×·¨°í, ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ¿Í ÀüµÎȯ Á¤±ÇµéÀÌ ±×·¨´Ù. ±×·³¿¡µµ Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ °æÇèÀº ¿ªµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î µ¶Àç¿Í ¾ï¾ÐÀ» ÇìÃĿԴÙ. 60³â 4.19 Çõ¸í°ú 70³â´ë ¹ÝÀ¯½Å ¹Ýµ¶Àç ÅõÀï, ±×¸®°í 87³âµµÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ¿îµ¿, ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ÃÐºÒ ½ÃÀ§´Â Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¹ÎÁÖÈ­ ¿îµ¿À» »ó¡ÇÏ´Â ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ Á·ÀûÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÆíÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹ÀÇ °æÁ¦¹ßÀüµµ ´«ºÎ½Ç ¸¸Å­ ºñ¾àÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¿Ô´Ù. ¼öÃâ ÁÖµµ, Àç¹ú À§ÁÖÀÇ °æÁ¦ ¼ºÀå Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºñ³­ÀÌ Ä¿µµ ÀÌ·± °æÁ¦ ¹ßÀü ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ Çѱ¹ »çȸÀÇ °æÁ¦¸¦ ºñ¾àÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀü½ÃŰ°í »çȸ Àüü¸¦ °³¹æÈ­ÇÏ°í ´Ù¾çÈ­ÇÑ µ¥´Â ÀÌ·ÐÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Çѱ¹ °æÁ¦´Â 90³â´ë ¸»¿¡ IMF¸¦ °Þ°í ½ÅÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ¹°°á¿¡ ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô ÈÛ¾µ¸®¸é¼­ ºñÁ¤±ÔÁ÷À» ¾ç»êÇÏ°í ºÒÆòµîÀÇ °ñÀ» ±í°Ô Çß´Ù. 21¼¼±â·Î µé¾î¼­¸é¼­ Çѱ¹»çȸÀÇ °í·ÉÈ­ Çö»óÀÌ ½ÉÈ­µÇ¸é¼­ »çȸ üÁ¦ÀÇ Åº·ÂÀÌ ¾àÇØÁö°í, ´Ù¹®È­¿Í ȯ°æ µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ºÎ¹®¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î °¥µîµé¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 

3. ÀÌ·± Çѱ¹»çÀÇ °æÇèÀ» ¹ÙÅÁÀ¸·Î Çѱ¹ »çȸ¸¦ Áö¹èÇÏ´Â °¥µîÀ» Å©°Ô ÀÌ³ä °¥µî°ú Áö¿ª °¥µî ±×¸®°í ¼¼´ë °¥µîÀ» ²ÅÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ºÐ´Ü½Ã´ë´Â ¹Ý°øÀ» ¾ï¾ÐÀûÀÎ ÅëÄ¡À̵¥¿Ã·Î±â·Î ¾Ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ºô¹Ì°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ú°ÅÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µ¶Àç Á¤±ÇÀº ¹Ý°øÀ» ÅëÄ¡ À̵¥¿Ã·Î±â·Î »ïÀ¸¸é¼­ ¹Ý´ë ¸ñ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ¾ï¾ÐÇÏ´Â µ¥ Ȱ¿ëÇß´Ù. ¹Ý°ø À̵¥¿Ã·Î±â´Â ¹ÎÁÖÈ­°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø 21¼¼±â¿¡µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÈûÀ» ¹ßÈÖÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î ÅëÁø´ç ÇØ»ê »ç°ÇÀÌ ±× °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. Á¤±ÇÀÇ ¹Ì¿îÅÐÀÌ ¹ÚÈù °ø´çÀ» ±¹°¡º¸¾È¹ý À§¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇØ»êÇÏ°í ¼Ò¼Ó ±¹È¸ÀÇ¿øÀº ÇöÀç 7³â° ¿Á»ìÀ̸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸¸Å­ ¹Ý°ø À̵¥¿Ã·Î±âÀÇ À§·ÂÀ» ½Ç°¨ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 1990³â´ë ÃÊ¿øº¹Áý »ç°Ç¿¡¼­ ³ª¿Â '¿ì¸®°¡ ³²À̰¡'¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀº Çѱ¹»çȸ¿¡ ¸¸¿¬µÈ Áö¿ª¿¬°íÁÖÀǸ¦ Àß ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù. Áö¿ªÁÖÀǰ¡ ³ª¸§´ë·Î Á¤Ä¡Àû ÀÌÀ¯µµ °®°í ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¾î´À Áö¿ª¿¡ »ç´À³Ä´Â °ÅÀÇ ¿ì¿¬¿¡ °¡±î¿î »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ÀÌ·± Áö¿ªÁÖÀǸ¦ Á¤Ä¡ÀεéÀº ¼±°Å ¶§¸¶´Ù ½Ã½Ã¶§¶§·Î ¾Ç¿ëÇϸ鼭 Áö¿ª°¨Á¤À» ºÎÃß±ä ¸éÀÌ Å©´Ù. ¿¹Àüº¸´Ù´Â ¸¹ÀÌ Èñ¼®È­µÇ¾úÁö¸¸ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´ë±¹ °æºÏ°ú Àü³² ±¤ÁÖÀÇ Áö¿ªÁÖÀÇ´Â °­ÇÏ´Ù. (¾ç ÂÊÀÇ Áö¿ªÁÖÀǸ¦ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ Â÷¿ø¿¡ ³õÀ» ¼ö Àִ°¡?) Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀǰ¡ ±Þ¼ºÀåÀ» Çϸ鼭 »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¼ÒȦ½ÃµÇ¾ú´ø ³ëµ¿±Ç ¿ª½Ã Áý´ÜÈ­µÇ¸é¼­ ÈûÀ» Ű¿ü´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ 20¼¼±â ÈĹݿ¡ °ÞÀº IMF¿Í ±× ÀÌÈÄ ±Øº¹ °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ »õ·Î¿î ºÒÆòµî°ú ºñÁ¤±ÔÁ÷ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â ÀÚº»¿¡ ºñÇØ ¿­¾ÇÇÑ ³ëµ¿ Çö½ÇÀ» Àß µå·¯³»°í ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹ »çȸ´Â ºü¸¥ »çȸ ¹ßÀü ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ±Þ°ÝÇÏ°Ô °í·ÉÈ­µÇ¸é¼­ ¼¼´ë °£ÀÇ °¥µî ¹®Á¦µµ ÀûÁö ¾Ê°Ô Ű¿ì°í ÀÖ°í, ¿Ü±¹ ³ëµ¿ÀÚµéÀÇ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ À¯ÀÔÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ´Ù¹®È­ °¥µîÀÇ ¼ÒÁöµµ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾È°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸¹Àº ºÎ¹®¿¡¼­ ³ªÅ¸³­ °¥µîµéÀº ÀáÀçÀûÀÌ°Ç Çö½ÇÀûÀÌ°Ç Çѱ¹ »çȸ¸¦ ±Ø´ÜÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ¿­½ÃŰ´Â ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 

4. ¿À´Ã ³¯ Çѱ¹ »çȸ¿¡¼­ °¥µî°ú ´ë¸³ÀÌ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ¶Ñ·ÇÇÑ Çö»óÀº ±×°ÍµéÀÌ ±¸Á¶ÀûÀ¸·Î È­ÇØ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î Áø¿µ³í¸®È­ µÇ´Â Á¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â »çȸÀÇ ¾î¶² ¹®Á¦°¡ µÇ¾úµç º¸¼ö¿Í Áøº¸, ¿ìÆÄ¿Í ÁÂÆÄ µîÀ¸·Î °¥¶óÁ®¼­ ÇÇÅÍÁö°Ô ½Î¿ì´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÏ»óÈ­µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ Æí¿¡´Â ¼ºÁ¶±â¿Í À̽º¶ó¿¤ ±¹±â¸¦ µç űر⠺δë¿Í ¾ö¸¶ ºÎ´ë°¡ ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ Æí¿¡¼­´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǶó´Â À̸§À» °É¸é¼­ Á¤±Ç »ç¼ö¸¦ À§ÇØ ÀÏüÀÇ ³»ºÎ ºñÆÇÀ» °ÅºÎÇÏ´Â ÁöÁö¼¼·ÂµéÀÌ ¼­·Î °£¿¡ ¾ç±ØÈ­µÈ ´ë¸³°ú °¥µîÀ» °ÝÈ­½Ã۰í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¥µîÀº ÃÐºÒ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀÇ Àý´ëÀû ÁöÁö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ź»ýÇÑ ¹® Á¤±ÇÇÏ¿¡¼­ ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ´õ¿í ±Ø½ÉÇÑ ¾ç»óÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. 2019³â Á¶±¹ ±³¼ö¸¦ ¹ý¹«ºÎ Àå°üÀ¸·Î ÀÓ¸íÇϸ鼭 º»°ÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ë¸³Çß´ø Áøº¸¿Í º¸¼ö °£ÀÇ °¥µîÀº ³ª¶ó¸¦ ±Øµµ·Î ºÐ¿­½Ã۰í ÀÖ´Ù. Áö±ÝÀº À̸¥¹Ù ¹ýÀÇ À̸§À» °É°í °ËÂû ±Ç·Â°ú ¹ý¹«ºÎ±îÁö ±Ç·Â ÅõÀïÀ» ÀÏ»ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¾ç±ØÈ­µÈ Çö½Ç¿¡¼­ Áß°£Áö´ëÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®´Â ȸ»öºÐÀÚ·Î Ä¡ºÎµÇ°í ¿À·ÎÁö ¾Æ»ý»ìŸ(ä²ßæß¯öâ)ÀÇ Ä®³¯¸¸ ¹ø¶àÀ̰í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ·± °¥µîÀ» ±Øº¹ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é Çѱ¹»çȸ´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Á¡Á¡ ´õ Å« ¾î·Á¿ò¿¡ ºüÁ®µé ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¡¶àÀ̳ª ºÐ´ÜµÈ ³²ºÏ °£ÀÇ °¥µîµµ ½ÉÇѵ¥ »çȸ ³»ºÎ¿¡¼­ Áö±Ýó·³ °¥µî°ú ´ë¸³À» Ű¿ö³ª°£´Ù¸é ´ëÇѹα¹È£ÀÇ ¹Ì·¡¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô Àå´ãÇÒ ¼ö Àְڴ°¡? Áö±Ý°ú °°ÀÌ ¾ç±ØÈ­µÈ Áø¿µ³í¸®´Â ù°·Î ¼±°ú ¾Ç, ¿Ç°í ±×¸§ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ »ó´ëÈ­½ÃÅ´À¸·Î½á ¸ðµç ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾ÆÀüÀμö°ÝÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼®ÇÏ´Â ºô¹Ì°¡ µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µÑ°·Î Áø¿µ³í¸®´Â ¹®Á¦ÀÇ Â÷¿øÀ» ¹ßÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼ÒÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí Ãß»óÀûÀÎ ºÎÁ¤¸¸À» ÀÏ»ïÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·± »óÅ¿¡¼­´Â ¿À·ÎÁö ¼Õ¹Ù´Ú µÚÁý±â¸¸ ÀÖÀ» »Ó ¹Ì·¡·ÎÀÇ ÀüÁøÀ̳ª ¹ßÀüÀÌ ¾ø´Ù.

 

5. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÏ°ß È­ÇØ°¡ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ÇöÀçÀÇ ´ë¸³°ú °¥µîÀ» Á» ´Ù¸¥ Â÷¿ø¿¡¼­ Á¢±ÙÇØº¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¥µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÐ¼®µéÀº »çȸÇÐÀÚ³ª Á¤Ä¡ÇÐÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÏ°Ô ³íÀǵǰí ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àι®ÇÐÀû ½Ã°¢¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °¥µîÀ» Á¶¸ÁÇÏ°í »õ·Î¿î ¼ºÂûÀÇ ±âȸ¸¦ ã¾Æº¸´Â °Íµµ ÀÇ¹Ì ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀ» ÇöÀçÀÇ °¥µî°ú ¸Å¿ì À¯»çÇÑ ÇüÅ·ΠÁ¦½ÃÇÑ °í´ë ±×¸®½º ºñ±Ø ÀÛǰÀÎ ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡»¸¦ ÅëÇØ ½ÃµµÇغ¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®½º ºñ±Ø ½ÃÀÎÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¼ÒÆ÷Ŭ·¹½ºÀÇ ÀÛǰ ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡»´Â ¼­±¸ÀÇ °íÀüÀ¸·Î¼­ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ ÀçÇØ¼®µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛǰÀº ´ëÇзο¡¼­ ÀØÀ»¸¸ÇÏ¸é ¸®¹ÙÀ̹úµÇ´Â °íÀüÀû ºñ±ØÀÌ´Ù. ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡»´Â Á¶±¹À» ¹è½ÅÇÑ Æú¸®³×ÀÌÄɽº¿Í ¼öÈ£ÇÏ·Á´Â ¿¡Å׿ÀŬ·¹½º°¡ ¿Õ±ÇÀ» µÑ·¯½Î°í ÀüÀïÀ» ¹úÀÌ´Ù µÑ ´Ù Àü»çÇÏ´Â µ¥¼­ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ½Ã½ÅÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´À³Ä´Â µ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. µ¿¼­¾ç°ú °í±ÝÀ» ¸··ÐÇϰí Àå·Ê´Â È¥·Ê ¸¸Å­À̳ª ÀηûÁö ´ë»ç·Î Áß¿äÇÑ Àǹ̸¦ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ´Ù. °í´ë ±×¸®½º »çȸ¿¡¼­µµ »çÁ¤Àº ¸¶Âù°¡ÁöÀÌ´Ù. È£¸ÓÀÇ ¡ºÀϸ®¾Æµå¡»¿¡¼­ Æ®·ÎÀÌÀÇ ¸íÀå ÇíÅ丣¸¦ Á×ÀÎ ¿µ¿õ ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º´Â ºÐ³ë°¨À¸·Î ÇíÅ丣ÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀ» ÀüÂ÷¿¡ ´Þ°í ´Ù´Ï¸é¼­ ¸ð¿åÇϰí ÈѼÕÇÑ´Ù. ±× ³¯ ¹ã ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿¡°Ô Æ®·ÎÀÌÀÇ ´ÄÀº ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º ¿ÕÀÌ Ã£¾Æ¿Í ¾ÆºñÀÇ ºñÅëÇÑ ½ÉÁ¤À» À̾߱âÇϸ鼭 ÀÚ½ÄÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÙ °ÍÀ» °£Ã»ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½ºµµ °íÇâ¿¡ °è½Å ºÎ¸ð¸¦ »ý°¢Çϸç Â÷¸¶ ÀÌ Ã»Àº °ÅÀýÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã½ÅÀ» ¾Õ¿¡ µÎ°í ¾ÆÅ³·¹¿ì½º¿Í ÇÁ¸®¾Æ¸ð½º´Â ´«¹°À» È긮¸ç È­ÇØÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸¸Å­ ½Ã½Å ó¸® ¹®Á¦´Â °í´ë ±×¸®½º »çȸÀÇ Àηû »ç¿¡¼­ Áß´ëÇÑ ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ »õ·Î¿î ¿Õ Å©·¹¿ÂÀº ¹Ý¿ªÀÚÀÇ Àå·Ê¸¦ Ä¡·¯ÁÖ´Â ÀÚ´Â ¶È°°ÀÌ µéÆÇ¿¡¼­ ±î¸¶±Í¹äÀÌ µÇ¸®¶ó´Â ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»¸°´Ù.

 

¿¡Å׿ÀŬ·¹½º´Â ¿ì¸® µµ½Ã¸¦ À§ÇÏ¿© ½Î¿ì´Ù°¡ ¸ðµç ¸é¿¡¼­ ¶Ù¾î³­ Àå¼ö·Î¼­ Àü»çÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï, ±×¸¦ ¹«´ý¿¡ ¹¯¾îÁÖ°í ÁöÇÏÀÇ °¡Àå ÈǸ¢ÇÑ »çÀÚ(ÞÝíº)µé¿¡°Ô ¾î¿ï¸®´Â ¿Â°® ÀǽÄÀ» º£Ç® °ÍÀÌ¿À. ±×·¯³ª ±×¿Í ÇüÁ¦°£ÀÎ Æú·ò³×ÀÌÄɽº´Â, ³» ¸»Çϳë´Ï, Ã߹濡¼­ µ¹¾Æ¿Í Á¶±¹ ¶¥°ú ¼±Á¶µéÀÇ ½ÅµéÀ» È­¿°À¸·Î ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ºÒ»ç¸£°í, Ä£Á·ÀÇ ÇǸ¦ ¸¶½Ã°í, ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ³ë¿¹·Î ²ø°í °¡·Á°í ÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï, ±×¿Í °ü·ÃÇÏ¿© ³ª´Â µµ½Ã¿¡ ¾Ë¸®°Ô Çß¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ¾Æ¹«µµ ±×¿¡°Ô Àå·Ê¸¦ º£Ç®°Å³ª ¾ÖµµÇÏÁö ¸»°í, »õ ¶¼¿Í °³¶¼ÀÇ ¹äÀÌ µÇ°í Ä¡¿å½º·¯¿î ±¤°æÀÌ µÇµµ·Ï ±×ÀÇ ½Ã½ÅÀ» ¹¯È÷Áö ¾ÊÀº ä ³»¹ö·ÁµÎ¶ó°í ¸»ÀÌ¿À.( ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡», 195-205)

 

5. ±¹¹ýÀ» ¼öÈ£ÇÏ´Â ÅëÄ¡ÀÚÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·± ¸í·ÉÀº Áö±ØÈ÷ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù°í º¼ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Á¶±¹À» ¹Ý¿ªÇÑ ÀÚ¿Í ±× Á¶±¹À» ÁöŰ·Á´Ù Á×Àº ÀÚ¸¦ ¶È °°ÀÌ Ãë±ÞÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÅëÄ¡ Áú¼­°¡ ´õ´Â ÁöÄÑÁö±â ¾î·Æ°í ±¹°¡´Â È¥¶õ¿¡ ºüÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÅëÄ¡ÀÚ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ÇàÀ§¿Í °ü·ÃÇØ ¿Ç°í ±×¸§, Á¤°ú ºÎÁ¤ÀÇ Â÷À̸¦ ¸í¹éÈ÷ ÇØÁà¾ß Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ¡°´©±º°¡°¡ ¿ù±ÇÇÏ¿© ¹ýÀ» Áþ¹â°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÅëÄ¡Àڵ鿡°Ô ¸í·ÉÇÏ·Á µç´Ù¸é, ³ª·Î¼­´Â °áÄÚ ±×¸¦ ĪÂùÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ´©±¸µçÁö µµ½Ã¸¦ ¼¼¿î ÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â Å«ÀÏÀ̵ç ÀÛÀº ÀÏÀ̵ç, ¿ÇÀº ÀÏÀÌµç ¿ÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÀÏÀÌµç ¸¶¶¥È÷ º¹Á¾ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.¡±( ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡», 663-668). ±×·±µ¥ Á×Àº ÀÚµéÀÇ ¿À´©ÀÌÀÎ ¾ÈƼ°í³×´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ÕÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» Á¤¸éÀ¸·Î °Å¿ªÇϸ鼭 Á×Àº ¿À¶ó¹ö´Ï Æú¸®³×ÀÌÄɽºÀÇ Àå·Ê¸¦ Ä¡·¯ÁØ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡°³×°¡ °¨È÷ ¹ýÀ» ¾î°å´Ü ¸»À̳ġ±¶ó°í ÁúÃ¥ÇÏ´Â Å©·¹¿ÂÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ÈƼ°í³×´Â ´ç´çÇÏ°Ô ÀÚ±â ÇൿÀ» Á¤´çÈ­ÇÑ´Ù.

 

"³×, ±× Æ÷°í¸¦ ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁֽŠÀÌ´Â Á¦¿ì½º°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¾úÀ¸¸ç Çϰè(ù»Í£)ÀÇ ½Åµé°ú ÇÔ²² »ç½Ã´Â Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ¿©½Å²²¼­µµ »ç¶÷µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ±×·± ¹ýÀ» ¼¼¿ì½ÃÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®ÀÌÁö¿ä. ³ª´Â ¶Ç ±×´ëÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀÌ, ½ÅµéÀÇ È®°íºÎµ¿ÇÑ ºÒ¹®À²µéÀ» Á×°Ô ¸¶·ÃÀÎ Çѳ¹ Àΰ£ÀÌ ¹«½ÃÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ °­·ÂÇÏ´Ù°í´Â »ý°¢Áö ¾Ê¾Ò¾î¿ä. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±× ºÒ¹®À²µéÀº ¾îÁ¦ ¿À´Ã¿¡ »ý±ä °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿µ¿øÈ÷ »ì¾Æ ÀÖ°í, ¾îµð¼­ ¿Ô´ÂÁö ¾Æ¹«µµ ¸ð¸£±â ¶§¹®ÀÌÁö¿ä."( ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡», 450-460)

 

Å©·¹¿ÂÀÌ º¼ ¶§ ¾ÈƼ°í³×ÀÇ ÀÌ·± ÇൿÀº ¹æÀÚÇϱ⠱×Áö¾ø¾î º¸ÀδÙ. ¾ÈƼ°í³×´Â ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¿ÕÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ» ¾î±ä µ¹¹ßÀûÀÎ ÇൿÀ» ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Çൿ¿¡ ´ëÇØ °­ÇÑ È®½ÅÀ» °®°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸À̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. °í´ë ±×¸®½º¿¡¼­ Á×Àº ÀÚ´Â Çϵ¥½ºÀÇ ¼¼°è¿¡ ¼ÓÇϸç, µû¶ó¼­ ±× ¼¼°è¿¡ ½Ã½ÅÀ» µ¹·ÁÁÖ±â À§ÇØ ¸ÅÀåÇϴ dz½ÀÀº Á×Àº ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ ¿¹¿ìÀÌ´Ù. Á×Àº ÀÚ¸¦ ¸ÅÀåÇÏ´Â ÀÌ ÃÖÈÄÀÇ Àǹ«´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ½ÅÀÇ ¹ý¿¡ ¼ÓÇϰí, °¡Á·ÀÌ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Àû±ØÀûÀÎ ÀηûÀû ÇൿÀ̶ó ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Å©·¹¿ÂÀÌ ÀÌ·± Çϵ¥½ºÀÇ ¹ýÀ» ¹«½ÃÇÏ°í ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹ý°ú Áú¼­¸¦ °í¼öÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»¸° µ¥ ¹ÝÇØ, ¾ÈƼ°í³×´Â ¾Æ¹«¸® ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹Ý¿ªÀÚÀÏÁö¾ðÁ¤ Àå·Ê¸¦ Ä¡·¯ÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ Ãµ·û¿¡ ºÎÇÕµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

 

6. ±×µéÀÇ »ý°¢Àº ³Ê¹«³ª ¿Ï°íÇØ¼­ ¼­·Î ÇÑ Ä¡µµ ¹°·¯¼­·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Å©·¹¿Â°ú ¾ÈƼ°í³×ÀÇ ´ë¸³Àº ÆÄ±¹À» ÃæºÐÈ÷ ¿¹»óÇϸ鼭µµ ¼­·Î ¸¶ÁÖ º¸°í ´Þ¸®´Â ±âÂ÷¿Íµµ °°´Ù. Á¦ 3ÀÚ°¡ ÁßÀ縦 ÇØº¸·Á°í ¹«Áø ¾ÖµéÀ» ¾²Áö¸¸, ÀüÇô ¾¾¾Ëµµ ¸ÔÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾ÈƼ°í³×ÀÇ ¾àÈ¥ÀÚÀÌÀÚ Å©·¹¿ÂÀÇ ¾ÆµéÀÎ ÇÏÀ̸óÀº ÀÚ»ìÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¾Æ¹öÁö Å©·¹¿ÂÀ» ¼³µæÇÏ·Á°í ¹«Áø ¾Ö¸¦ ¾´´Ù. ¡°¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ ÇÑ °¡Áö »ý°¢¸¸ ǰÁö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À. ¾Æ¹öÁö ¸»¾¸¸¸ ¿Ç°í ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀº ¿ÇÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í »ý°¢Áö ¸¶½Ê½Ã¿À.¡±( ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡», 705-707). ±×·¸´Ù. ³ª¸¸ÀÌ ¿Ç°í ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¿ÇÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¿ì¸®´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö Àִ°¡? °¢ÀÚ Àڱ⸸ÀÇ Àã´ë¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ´Â ÀÌ Æ÷½ºÆ® ¸ð´øÇÑ »ó´ëÁÖÀÇ´Â ¿À´Ã³¯¸¸ÀÇ À̾߱Ⱑ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì ¿À·¡ Àü¿¡µµ »ç¶÷µéÀº ´Ùµé ÀÚ±â½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼¼»óÀ» »ý°¢Çϰí Àç´ÜÇß´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¶§ ´©°¡ ¿Ç°í ´©°¡ ±×¸£´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ¾Æ´Â°¡? ¸ð¸£±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ½±°Ô ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ì¸®´Â ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µé°ú ¼ÒÅëÇϰí, ±×µéÀÌ ³³µæÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °´°üÀûÀ̰í ÇÕ¸®ÀûÀÎ Àã´ë¸¦ ã°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡? µ¿¾çÀÇ °íÀü¿¡µµ ÀÌ·± ¸»ÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù.

 

¡°³ª¿Í ÀÚ³×°¡ ³íÀïÀ» ÇÑ´Ù°í Çϼ¼. ÀÚ³×°¡ ³ª¸¦ À̱â°í ³»°¡ Àڳ׸¦ À̱âÁö ¸øÇß´Ù¸é, ÀÚ³×´Â Á¤¸» ¿Ç°í ³ª´Â Á¤¸» ±×¸¥ °ÍÀΰ¡? ³»°¡ Àڳ׸¦ À̱â°í ÀÚ³×°¡ ³ª¸¦ À̱âÁö ¸øÇß´Ù¸é, ³ª´Â Á¤¸» ¿Ç°í ÀÚ³×´Â Á¤¸» ±×¸¥ °ÍÀΰ¡? ÇÑÂÊÀÌ ¿ÇÀ¸¸é ´Ù¸¥ ÇÑÂÊÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ±×¸¥ °ÍÀΰ¡? µÎ ÂÊÀÌ ´Ù ¿Ç°Å³ª µÎ ÂÊÀÌ ´Ù ±×¸¥ °æ¿ì´Â ¾øÀ»±î? ... ´©±¸¿¡°Ô ºÎÅ¹ÇØ¼­ À̸¦ ÆÇ´ÜÇϸé ÁÁÀ»±î?¡±(¡ºÀåÀÚ¡»)

 

¿Ç°í ±×¸§À» ½±°Ô ÆÇ´ÜÇϱ⠾î·Á¿ï ¶§, °¡Àå Å« ÁöÇý´Â ¼­·Î ¿À·ù¸¦ ¹üÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ¡®°³¹æ¼º¡¯¿¡ ÀÖ°í, °¡Àå Å« ¾î¸®¼®À½Àº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ¹«¿À·ù¸¦ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ¿Ï°íÇÔÀÇ ¡®Æó¼â¼º¡¯¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ Èû ÀÖ°í ³ôÀº ÀÚ¸®¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷Àϼö·Ï, ±Í¸¦ ¿­¾î¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ À̾߱⸦ °âÇãÇÏ°Ô µéÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÁöµµÀڷμ­ °¡Àå ¾î¸®¼®Àº, ¾Æ´Ï ±× ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î »ç¾ÇÇÑ ´öÀº ³²ÀÇ ¸»À» ÀüÇô µéÀ¸·Á ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °íÁýºÒÅëÀÌ´Ù. °ú°Å¿¡µµ ±×·²Áø´ë, ¿À´Ã ³¯Ã³·³ °³¹æµÈ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â ¸»ÇÒ Çʿ䵵 ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡»,ÀÇ Å©·¹¿Â¿¡°Ô¼­ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ·± ¿Ï°íÇÔ°ú Æó¼â¼ºÀ» º»´Ù.

 

Å©·¹¿ÂÀº ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¡°³»°¡ ÀÌ ³ªÀÌ¿¡ ÀÌ·± Dz³»±â¿¡°Ô¼­ »ç¸®¸¦ ¹è¿ö¾ß ÇÑ´Ü ¸»À̳Ä?¡±( ¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡», 726-727) ±×´Â »ç¶ûÇÏ´Â ÀÚ½Ä ÇÏÀ̸óÀÇ Ãæ°íÁ¶Â÷ ´ÜÈ£ÇÏ°Ô °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. ¿ÕÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¸¸À» ¿Ï°íÇÏ°Ô °í¼öÇÑ´Ù. °Ô´Ù°¡ ÀÌ·± Ãæ°í¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ µé¿© ¾ÈƼ°í³×ÀÇ Åµµ¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Çѳ¹ ºñõÇÑ ¿©Àο¡°Ô ±¼º¹ÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸Å­À̳ª ½È¾îÇÑ´Ù.

 

¿ì¸®´Â Áú¼­¸¦ °¡Á®´ÙÁÖ´Â °ÍÀ» º¸È£Çϰí, °áÄÚ ÇÑ ¿©Àο¡°Ô Á®¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. ²À ±×·¡¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÇÑ ¿©Àο¡°Ô Á³´Ù´Â ¸»À» µè´À´Ï Â÷¶ó¸® ÇÑ ³²ÀÚÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ ¾²·¯Áö´Â ÆíÀÌ ´õ ³ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.(¡º¾ÈƼ°í³×¡», 677-680)

 

±×·²Áöµµ ¸ð¸¦ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. °ÑÀ¸·Î´Â ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹ýÁú¼­ ¼öÈ£¶ó´Â ´ëÀǸíºÐÀ» ³»¼¼¿ìÁö¸¸, ±× À̸鿡´Â ³²ÀÚ°¡ ¾îÂî ¿©ÀÚ¿¡°Ô Áú ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´À³Ä´Â »ý¹°ÇÐÀû Ä¡Á¹ÇÔÀÌ °¨Ãß¾îÁ® ÀÖ´ÂÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. °¢ÀÚ Àڱ⠻ý¸íÀ» ÁöŰ·Á´Â »ýÁ¸ º»´ÉÀÇ ÀÇÁö, Àڱ⠰üÇÒ ¿µ¿ªÀ» ¾çº¸ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¿ø½ÃÀû º»´ÉÀÌ ´õ Å©°Ô ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ´ÂÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ·± »ý¹°ÇÐÀû º»´ÉÀº ¸ðµç »ý¸íü¿¡ °øÅëµÈ °ÍÀε¥ ¾î¶»°Ô Àΰ£À̶ó°í ´Ù¸£°Ú´Â°¡? ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù. ´Þ¸® »ý°¢Çغ¸¸é, µµ´ëü Àΰ£ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ̰ڴ°¡? ±×·± ¿ø½ÃÀû º»´É, »ý¹°ÇÐÀû ÀÚÁ¸½É ¶§¹®¿¡ ¸øÇϰڴٴ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í, ±×·± °Íµé¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸ÇÏ°í °¨È÷ ¼ÕÀ» ³»¹Ð ¼ö ÀÖ°í µûµíÀÌ Ç°¾îÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â µ¥¼­ Àΰ£ Á¤½ÅÀÇ °í°áÇÔ°ú À§´ëÇÔÀÌ ÀÖÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Â°¡? µµ´ëü µ¿¹°°ú Àΰ£ÀÇ Â÷À̰¡ ¹«¾ùÀ̰ڴ°¡? »ý¹°Çаú À±¸®ÇÐÀÌ °¥¶óÁö´Â ÁöÁ¡ÀÌ ¾îµð¿¡ Àִ°¡? < °è¼Ó> jogel4u@outlook.com

 

*ÇÊÀÚ/ÀÌ Á¾Ã¶

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*¾Æ·¡´Â À§ ±â»ç¸¦ ±¸±Û ¹ø¿ª±â·Î ¹ø¿ªÇÑ ¿µ¹® ±â»çÀÇ [Àü¹®]ÀÌ´Ù. [Below is the [full text] of an English article translated from the above article with Google Translate.]

 

Conflict in Korean Society and ¡ºAntigone¡»[Award]

Division and anti-communist ideologies act as repressive ruling ideologies in Korea under the continued Cold War regime.

-Jongcheol Lee Ph.D. in Philosophy

 

1. Looking back on the development of Korean history in the 20th century, it is truly new. It is a history where the suffering of this people is concentrated and marked. Under the Japanese colonial rule, it was exploited, and after the war, it was voluntarily liberated under the agreement of the great powers, resulting in division. Five years after liberation, the same nations fought wars and the whole country was destroyed. The experience of the war and the division afterwards provides a deep cause of confrontation and conflict even at this point 70 years later.

 

2. After the war and under the Cold War regime that lasted for several decades, the division and anti-communist ideology acted as a repressive ruling ideology, and was exploited to establish a dictatorship. Syngman Rhee's regime did this, and Park Jeong-hee and Chun Doo-hwan's regime did that. Nevertheless, Korea's experience of democratization has dynamically overcome dictatorship and repression. The April 19 Revolution in 1960, the anti-reformist anti-dictatorship struggle in the 1970s, the democratization movement in 1987, and the recent candlelight protests are clear footsteps symbolizing the democratization movement in Korea. On the other hand, Korea's economic development has also been remarkably rapid. Even if the criticism of the export-led, chaebol-centered economic growth policy is large, there will be no room for theory that such an economic development system has rapidly developed the economy of Korean society and has opened up and diversified the entire society. However, the Korean economy suffered from the IMF in the late 90s and was rapidly swept away by the wave of neoliberalism, producing non-regular workers and deepening the goal of inequality. In the 21st century, as the aging phenomenon of Korean society intensifies, the elasticity of the social system is weakening, and new conflicts are being exposed in various fields such as multiculturalism and environment.

 

3. Based on these experiences of Korean history, the conflicts that dominate Korean society can be largely selected as ideological conflicts, regional conflicts, and generational conflicts. The era of division became a pretext for exploiting anti-communism as a repressive rule of thumb. Most dictatorships in the past used anti-communism as their ruling ideology and used it to suppress opposition. Anti-communist ideology is still exerting power even in the 21st century, when democratization took place. Typically, this is the case of the dissolution of the Tongjin Party. The government's ugly government was disbanded for violating the National Security Law, and the members of the National Assembly are currently being jailed for seven years. As such, you can feel the power of anti-communist ideology. The expression'we are Namiga' in the grassland rehabilitation incident in the 1990s speaks well of the regionalism prevalent in Korean society. Regionalism has its own political reasons, but it is almost a coincidence in which region you live. However, politicians used this regionalism from time to time in every election, and it was a big part of encouraging local sentiment. Although it has been diluted more than before, regionalism in the major countries of Gyeongbuk and Gwangju, Jeollanam-do is still strong. (Can both regionalism be put on the same level?) As Korea's capitalism grew rapidly, the relatively neglected labor rights were also grouped and strengthened. However, in the process of overcoming the IMF in the second half of the 20th century and afterwards, the new problems of inequality and non-regular workers clearly reveal the reality of labor, which is inferior to capital. As Korean society is rapidly aging beyond rapid social development, there are many generational conflicts, and a large number of multicultural conflicts due to the rapid influx of foreign workers. Conflicts in so many sectors, whether potential or realistic, are causing extreme divisions in Korean society.

 

4. The distinct phenomenon of conflict and confrontation in today's Korean society lies in the fact that they become camp-logic to the extent that it is structurally impossible to reconcile. Now, whatever the problem of society, it is a common practice to split into conservative and progressive, right-wing and left-wing, and fighting against it. On the one hand, there is the Taegeukgi unit and the mother unit carrying the stars and stripes and the Israeli flag, and on the other side, the supporters who, under the name of democracy, reject any internal criticism in order to defend the regime, intensify the polarized confrontation and conflict. have. These conflicts show a more severe aspect under the Moon regime, which was born through the absolute support of the candlelight citizens. The conflict between progress and conservative conflict, which was in earnest when Professor Cho was appointed as Minister of Justice in 2019, is dividing the country extremely. Now, under the name of the so-called law, the power of the prosecution and the Ministry of Justice are struggling for power. In this polarized reality, the voices in the middle ground are regarded as gray molecules, and only the blades of Asaengsalta are flashing. If this conflict cannot be overcome, Korean society will be faced with more and more difficulties in the future. The conflict between the two Koreas, which is already divided, is also severe. How can we assure the future of the Republic of Korea if we develop conflict and confrontation within society as it is now? The polarized faction logic as it is now can serve as an excuse to interpret all problems as subwarrants by relativizing the problems of good and evil, right and wrong. Second, faction logic cannot solve the problem level progressively and can only pursue abstract denial. In this state, there is only a flip of the palm, and there is no progress or progress toward the future.

 

5. We would like to approach the current confrontation and conflict, which cannot be reconciled at a glance, from a different level. Analyzes of these conflicts are widely discussed among sociologists and political scientists. However, it will also be meaningful to look at these conflicts from a humanities perspective and find new opportunities for reflection. We would like to try this approach through Antigone, an ancient Greek tragedy that presented in a form very similar to the current conflict. Sophocles' work Antigone, known as the Greek tragedy poet, is constantly reinterpreted as a Western classic. This work is a classic tragedy that revives if you forget it at Daehakro. Antigone begins when Polynaces, who betrayed his country, and Eteocles, who wants to protect his country, fight over the kingship and both die. The problem is how to deal with the body. Regardless of the East, West, and the ancients, funerals are as important as Inryunji ambassadors as weddings. The same is true in ancient Greek society. In Homer's Iliad, Achilles, the hero who killed Troy's master Hector, insults and damages Hector's body while carrying Hector's body on a chariot out of anger. That night, the old King Priamos of Troy visits Achilles, telling his father's grief and begging him to return the body of his child. Achilles also thinks of his parents in his hometown and cannot refuse this request. With the body in front, Achilles and Priam reconcile in tears. As such, the problem of handling corpses is a major problem in the history of human life in ancient Greek society. However, the new king, Creon, orders that those who perform the traitor's funeral will become crow rice in the field.

 

Eteocles, who fought for our city and died as an outstanding longman in every way, will bury him in the tomb and perform every ritual worthy of the finest messengers of the basement. But Paulneikes, brother of him, I say, returned from exile and tried to burn the land of his fatherland and the gods of his ancestors completely with flames, to drink the blood of his relatives, and to take the rest as slaves. I let you know. No one should bury him or mourn him, but leave his body unburied so that it may become a food for flocks and dogs and a shameful sight (Antigone, 195-205).

 

5. From the standpoint of the ruler who defends the national law, this order can be considered extremely natural. If those who rebel against their country were treated the same as those who died trying to protect the country, the order of governance would no longer be preserved and the state would fall into chaos. This is because the ruler must clarify the difference between right and wrong, affection and negation in relation to people's actions. ¡°If someone wants to outdo the law and command his rulers, I can never praise him. Anyone who has built a city deserves to obey whether it is big or small, right or wrong¡± (Antigon, 663-668). However, Antigone, the brother and sister of the deceased, contradicted the king's orders, and gave the funeral of the deceased brother Polyneikes. Antigone proudly justifies his actions for Creon's reprimand of "you dare break the law?"

 

"Yes, it wasn't Zeus who gave me the decree, and the goddess of justice, who lives with the gods of the lower world, did not make such a law among the people. I also say your command, the unwavering destiny of the gods. I didn't think they were powerful enough to be ignored by humans, who are going to die, because they didn't come from yesterday and today, but because they live forever, and no one knows where they came from.¡± (Antigone, 450-460)

 

From Creon's perspective, Antigone's behavior seems to be relentless. This is because Antigone appears to have a strong confidence in his actions, not simply by violating the king's orders. In ancient Greece, the dead belonged to the world of Hades, so the custom of burying the body to return it to that world is the greatest courtesy of the dead. This final duty of burying the dead belongs to the complete divine law, and it can be said to be an active human action that the family can do. Whereas Creon issued an order to disregard the laws of Hades and adhere to the laws and order of the state, Antigone believes that having a funeral, no matter how much he is a traitor of the state, is in accord with heaven.

 

6. Their thoughts are so stubborn that they don't try to step back from each other. The confrontation between Creon and Antigone is like a train running facing each other while fully anticipating catastrophe. A third party tries to mediate, but he uses the innocent kids, but the seeds don't work at all. Antigone's fiance and Creon's son, Hymon, struggled to persuade his father Creon before committing suicide.

6. Their thoughts are so stubborn that they don't try to step back from each other. The confrontation between Creon and Antigone is like a train running facing each other while fully anticipating catastrophe. A third party tries to mediate, but he uses the innocent kids, but the seeds don't work at all. Antigone's fiance and Creon's son Hymon struggles to persuade his father Creon before committing suicide. ¡°Don't just have one thought in your heart. Do not think that only the words of your father are correct and that other things are not right¡± (¡ºAntigone¡», 705-707). Yes. How do we know that only I am right and others are not right? This postmodern relativism, which each thinks they have their own standards, is not unique to today. Even long ago, people thought about and tailored the world in their own way. How do you know who is right and who is wrong at this time? Because we don't know, we don't know, aren't we constantly communicating with more people and looking for objective and rational standards that they can understand? This is also said in Eastern classics.

 

¡°You and me are arguing. If you beat me and I didn't beat you, are you really right and am I really wrong? If I beat you and you didn't beat me, am I really right and you really wrong? If one is right, is the other necessarily wrong? Is there a case where both sides are right or both sides are wrong? ... Who can I ask to judge this?¡± (¡ºThe Firstborn¡»)

 

When it is difficult to easily judge right or wrong, the greatest wisdom lies in a kind of'openness' that can make mistakes with each other, and the greatest stupidity lies in the'closeness' of stubbornness that asserts one's infallibility. So, the more powerful and high-ranking people, the more humble you should be able to open your ears and listen to others. The most foolish, or even more, evil virtue as a leader is the stubbornness of not listening to anyone. Even in the past, it goes without saying in an open democratic society like today. I see this stubbornness and closure in Creon of Antigone.

 

Creon says. ¡°Am I supposed to learn Sari from such a young man at this age?¡± (Antigone, 726-727). He adamantly rejects the advice of his beloved child, Hymon. The king stubbornly adheres to his own authority. Moreover, I hate accepting this advice and allowing Antigone's attitude as much as surrendering to a humble woman.

 

We protect what brings order, and we must never lose to a woman. If we had to, it would be better to fall into the hands of a man than to be told that we lost by a woman (Antigon, 677-680).

 

It may be. On the outside, the cause of the nation's legal order is defended, but behind that, the biological dignity of how a man can lose to a woman may be hidden. The will of survival instinct to protect each one's own life, and the primitive instinct of not being able to yield to their jurisdiction may be at work. This biological instinct is common to all living things, so how would it be different to be human? But it is. In other words, what is human being? It is not because of such primitive instincts and biological pride, but in spite of such things, is there not the nobility and greatness of the human mind in the way that you dare to reach out and bear warmth? What is the difference between animals and humans? Where is the divergence between biology and ethics? <continue> jogel4u@outlook.com

 

*Author/Lee Jong-cheol

Doctor of Philosophy. Yonsei University Humanities Research Institute.

  
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