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Pancreatic cancer, a silent disease that comes without pain
¡¼Korea Health Care Association¡½ Yeon-seok Kim, Professor of Gastroenterology, Gachon University Gil Hospital = Pancreatic cancer is a representative cancer with the lowest 5-year survival rate. However, prevention is not easy because there is no checkup for early diagnosis. From pancreatic cancer symptoms to treatment, we have summarized the key information about pancreatic cancer that many people are curious about.
¡Þ Abdominal pain is the most common symptom
The most common symptom of pancreatic cancer is abdominal pain. In addition, there are symptoms such as jaundice, loss of appetite, and weight loss, and although rare, fat stools due to incomplete digestion of fat or gray stools, vomiting, and nausea may be present. Sometimes, new diabetes appears, and if you have diabetes, your diabetes may worsen. As the cancer progresses, you may feel pain in your back. Gastrointestinal bleeding or mental disorders such as depression or emotional anxiety, superficial thrombophlebitis, weakness, diarrhea, and dizziness may also appear. Jaundice is a typical symptom when there is cancer on the head of the pancreas. If you have abdominal pain and there is no obvious abnormality on the gastro-colonoscopy, if you have jaundice due to sudden weight loss, if you have back pain and it is difficult to lie upright, but the pain is less when lying on your side or squatting, if you do not have a family history of diabetes and are 60 years old If you have diabetes afterwards, if you have no appetite, eat less, and have abdominal pain after eating, it is recommended that you take a pancreatic cancer test.
¡Þ How is pancreatic cancer diagnosed?
In many cases, abdominal ultrasound is received first to diagnose pancreatic cancer. Abdominal ultrasound is a very safe test, but there are cases where the body or tail of the pancreas is difficult to see, and the pancreas is also difficult to see due to intestinal air in the stomach. Even if there are no abnormalities on the ultrasound of the abdomen, it is not safe to say. In general, if a tumor of the pancreas is suspected on an abdominal ultrasound examination or a symptom is a possibility of pancreatic cancer, but cannot be confirmed on an abdominal ultrasound examination, an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan is performed. CT scans are essential for determining the stage of pancreatic cancer (the process of determining how far it has spread). MRI of the pancreas is not superior to CT scans of the abdomen, but it is superior to CT for detecting liver metastases. Recently, when pancreatic cancer is suspected, but no tumor is found on an abdominal CT scan, endoscopic ultrasound is used to diagnose pancreatic cancer.
¡Þ What kind of treatment is there?
Pancreatic cancer is classified into resectable pancreatic cancer, borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, locally advanced pancreatic cancer, and metastatic pancreatic cancer, depending on the invasion or metastasis of major blood vessels. If the possibility of pancreatic cancer is very high from the imaging findings and it is determined that resection is possible, resection is performed without biopsy before surgery. However, if the patient's systemic condition is poor and cannot receive surgery, or if there is significant venous or arterial invasion during the diagnosis of cancer, or if there is metastasis to the liver, abdominal cavity or other organs, chemotherapy or radiation therapy should be planned and treated. do. In such a case, it is necessary to perform a biopsy to confirm pancreatic cancer. In the case of borderline resectable pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is performed, and resection surgery is sometimes attempted if the size of the cancer is reduced by responding well to treatment.
¡ÞThe cure rate has increased in recent years
Pancreatic cancer, as known, is a representative cancer with the worst 5-year survival rate. Even when radical resection was possible, the average survival period was about 13-20 months, and in this case, only 20% of patients showed long-term survival. In the case of local progression, the average survival period is about 6-10 months. For metastases in the liver or other distant organs, the average survival time is only about 6 months. However, in recent years, the treatment results of pancreatic cancer have improved a lot. In the case of stage 1~2 pancreatic cancer, according to the announcement by the Central Cancer Register in Korea, the cure rate for stage 1~2 pancreatic cancer in Korea during the period 2012~2016 is 29.7%, or 1 in 3 can save life. In the first stage, the cure rate rises to about 50%, and it is difficult to detect even in the first stage, but in the case of pancreatic cancer less than 1cm, the cure rate rises to about 70%.
¡Þ Methods for diagnosis and prevention of pancreatic cancer
There is generally no screening for early diagnosis like stomach or uterine cancer. However, if the elderly over 70 years old, long-term smokers over 10 years, chronic pancreatitis patients, sudden diabetes without a family history after 50 years of age, or have a family history of pancreatic cancer, they are at high risk for pancreatic cancer, so regular follow-up is necessary. Recently, there are many cases of pancreatic lumps, and it is known that pancreatic lumps have a risk of developing pancreatic cancer about 10 times higher than that of normal people. In general, it is recommended to undergo abdominal CT, abdominal MRI, or endoscopic ultrasonography along with serum tumor markers about once a year. There are no clear precautions or recommended criteria for preventing pancreatic cancer. However, it is recommended to avoid and prevent known risk factors in daily life through smoking cessation or improving eating habits.
<Source: Korea Health Care Association Health News November 2020 Issue: Excerpt: Yeon-seok Kim, Professor of Gastroenterology, Gachon University Gil Hospital>
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