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±¹³» ÃÖÃÊ·Î °³¹ßµÈ Äڷγª19 Ç×ü Ä¡·áÁ¦ ¿¬±¸ °úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÌ Á¤¸®µÈ´Ù. ¼¿Æ®¸®¿ÂÀº Áö³­ÇØ Äڷγª19 ¹ÙÀÌ·¯½º Àç³­¿¡ ´ëÀÀÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© Á¤ºÎ°¡ ÃßÁøÇÑ »ç¾÷¿¡ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§ Çù»ó´ë»óÀÚ·Î ¼±Á¤µÇ¸é¼­ °³¹ß °èȹÀÌ ºü¸£°Ô ÁøÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°Àº ½Å¼ÓÇÑ ¿¬±¸°¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø ¹è°æÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹Ù·Î Áö³­ 2015³â°ú 2018³â ¿¬ÀÌ¾î ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´´ø Áßµ¿È£Èí±âÁõÈıº ¸Þ¸£½º »çÅ¿¡¼­ ¿¬±¸µÇ¾ú´ø ¸Þ¸£½º Ç×üġ·áÁ¦ (CT-P38) ¿¬±¸°¡ ¹ÙÅÁÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ 4¿ùºÎÅÍ ÃæºÏ´ë ¿¬±¸ÆÀ°ú »ç¶÷°ú Æó ±¸Á¶°¡ À¯»çÇÑ Á·Á¦ºñ°ú Æä·µ(ferret)À» ´ë»óÀ¸·Î µ¿¹° ÀüÀÓ»ó ½ÃÇèÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ¼º°øÀûÀÎ °á°ú¸¦ °ÅµÎ¾ú´Ù.   

 

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A country that illuminates the world...'Korea's new drug COVID-19 treatment'

-Ilyoung Lee Columnist

 

As the corona 19 virus shakes the world, CEO Jeong-jin Seo, founder of the bio company Celltrion, faced the severe situation of the times and declared the development of a treatment. Next, Chairman Suh announced a beautiful exit with Bae-jin Bae, determined to develop a remedy and retire. Our wisdom antibody treatment, which started with the calling of the times, was finally developed and completed, and an application for conditional permission was submitted to the government at the end of last year. After submitting the application for permission, Chairman Seo did not hold a retirement ceremony and quietly retired as promised.

 

The research process for the corona 19 antibody treatment developed for the first time in Korea is summarized as follows. Celltrion was selected as a priority negotiator for a project promoted by the government to respond to the Corona 19 virus disaster last year, and the development plan proceeded rapidly. There was a background for such rapid research. It was based on a study on the MERS antibody treatment (CT-P38), which was studied in the MERS outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome that occurred in 2015 and 2018. Since April, the research team at Chungbuk National University and the ferret of the Weasel family, which have similar lung structures to humans, began a preclinical animal test and achieved successful results.

 

After the animal preclinical study, a phase 1 clinical trial was conducted on 32 healthy subjects at Chungnam National University Hospital in July, and a phase 1 clinical trial was approved on August 25 in mild patients. Subsequently, on September 11, the results of a clinical trial conducted in healthy subjects were announced, indicating that the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) efficacy of the treatment were successfully verified. Based on this, after announcing approval for phase 2 clinical trials for mild and moderately ill patients on September 17, clinical trials were conducted at 10 medical institutions including the National Medical Center, leading to global clinical trials in six countries including the US, Spain and Romania. At the same time, the Celltrion production facility in Songdo began producing antibody therapeutics (CT-P59), premised on the success of phase 2 clinical trials.

 

The phase 2 clinical trial, which started with 327 clinical patients in Korea and abroad, was classified into placebo, low-dose and high-dose groups, and administration of the antibody treatment efficacy and safety study was completed on November 25. Subsequently, on December 11 and 22, aside from clinical trials, temporary use of antibody treatments was permitted, and was used in treatment beds of Asan Hospital and Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital. Finally, on December 29th, they applied for conditional permission from the Food and Drug Administration.

 

The results of Phase 2 clinical trials of Rekkironaju (ingredient name: Legdanvimab), the COVID-19 antibody treatment code name (CT-P59) developed by Celltrion, will be revealed at the 2021 High1 New Drug Development Symposium hosted by the Korean Pharmacy Society on the 13th. . The presentation will be presented by Professor Joong-Sik Um of the Department of Infectious Medicine at Gil Hospital, Gachon University, one of the medical institutions that conducted the phase 2 clinical trial, under the theme of (The effect of treatment for 28 days of Rekkirona treatment for mild to moderate patients with Corona 19 infection).

 

The Celltrion Corona 19 antibody treatment was recombined into host cells capable of mass production by selecting the neutralizing antibody gene present in the blood of a cure. It is known that the therapeutic mechanism of the antibody therapeutic agent that can be mass-produced through such cell culture is to inhibit the penetration of the virus into human cells by binding the antibody therapeutic agent to the human cell binding site on the surface of the corona 19 virus instead.

 

Celltrion antibody treatment is an injection that is administered intravenously for 90 minutes. According to what has been known so far, it is known that it has been confirmed to shorten the recovery period by applying to 7 various symptoms of corona19 patients ranging from mild to moderate symptoms in a phase 2 clinical trial. Looking at the contents that have been described so far, the effect of a short-term vaccine that can block the virus is mentioned as antibodies exist for 1-2 weeks in the body when the treatment is injected. These contents are known to have been carried out to (preventive clinical trials) for close contact with Corona 19, and the results are expected even more.

 

In addition to this hopeful expectation, there are also views of concern raised by some. This is the first mention of the limited effect that Celltrion antibody therapy can obtain from administration within 5 to 6 days of infection. Following this, concerns over the maintenance of the efficacy of a new mutant virus in the UK, South Africa, and Switzerland.

 

From this point of view, we will look at what was announced during the clinical trial of Celltrion antibody treatment on July 8. At that time, as concerns about the mutant virus GH type, which had a 6-fold strong transmission power, which led domestic infections including population infection from Itaewon at the time, increased, Celltrion announced that the antibody treatment in clinical trials had confirmed excellent efficacy against such mutations. What is the difference between the type of mutant virus that was prevalent in Korea at the time and the virus mutant that is threatening the world with more powerful transmission power in Europe recently?

 

Basically, as the base sequence of a virus mutation is changed, various mutations occur according to the change in the amino acid, the constituent unit of the protein produced. The World Health Organization classifies this classification of COVID-19 virus mutations into eight strains (Clade): S, L, V, G, GH, GR, GV, and other (O) groups. It is again classified into a D614G mutation (G, GH, GR, GV), a mink mutation (Cluster 5), a British mutation (VOC-202012/01), and a South African mutation (501Y.V2) according to the mutation type.

 

In the UK mutant virus (N501Y), which has a strong spreading power that is currently shaking the world, asparagine (N), amino acid 501 constituting the virus, has been replaced (replaced) with tyrosine (M). From this perspective, it is necessary to look at the process of various mutations since the first outbreak in Wuhan, China in order to get a detailed estimate of the last Itaewon-derived outbreak virus GH type (S: D614G+NS3: Q57H).

 

The first Corona 19 virus in Wuhan, China, is still controversial over the S-type and L-type groups. After a large-scale infection occurred in Wuhan, China, the first place of origin, the results of sequencing and molecular evolution analysis of the Corona 19 virus showed that 70% of the S-type and L-type viruses were mutated. However, in the S-type group, there were many factors close to the possibility of transmission to humans through a vector infection such as pangolin in the prototype host bat. Furthermore, as the L-type group decreased, the mystery of the existence of the S-type group became the center of controversy over the early Wuhan virus.

 

The first virus types transmitted to Korea are the L-type and S-type groups. The point of note here is that the Daegu Shincheonji-infected virus, which had a large-scale infection situation from the 31st confirmed patient on February 18 last year, was the V group. In March, the Guro Call Center infections were S-type and L-type viruses. V-type virus is a virus that has been mutated in S-type from Wuhan, China, and is the main virus of late Wuhan infection. In this type V, amino acid leucine (L) at amino acid 37 was replaced with phenylalanine (F) ((L37F). Glycine at No. 251 (G) was replaced with valine (V) (G251V).

 

The type V group virus that led the Daegu Shincheonji infection was a virus type representing the major infections in Korea. At the same time, a group G virus, which was mutated again in group V, occurred in Singapore in Southeast Asia. Proline 314 (P) was replaced by leucine (L) (P314L), and aspartic acid (D) at 614 was mutated to glycine (G) (D614G). This type G was a major type of Italian outbreak and spread throughout Europe and North America. However, Korea is the type that does not have domestic infection of type G other than a small number of foreigners infected.

 

In May of last year, a new type of GH appeared, which is 6 times more powerful in the outbreak of Itaewon infection. For GH type, aspartic acid No. 614 (D), which is prevalent overseas, is mutated to glycine (G), G type (D614G) and non-structural protein (NS3) amino acid glutamine (Q) with special functions are replaced with histidine (H). (D614G+NS3: Q57H) is the major type of infection in Korea from the Itaewon outbreak in May to today.

 

An important fact from this point of view is the effectiveness of Celltrion antibody therapy against new mutations such as the British mutant virus (N501Y), which is currently showing strong transmission power throughout Europe including the UK. The British mutation is the nucleocapsid constituting the viral nucleic acid in the aforementioned G-type virus group, that is, arginine 203 (R) and glycine 204 (G) of protein N were mutated into lysine (K) and arginine, respectively ( RG203KR) is a GR type group virus. This type of GR is prevalent in Russia, Africa and South America. This type of domestic outbreak was limited to Russian ships, some schools in Busan, and foreigners from Cheongju, all of which were through Russian ships.

 

Such a new mutation in the UK and South Africa has a strong propagation power due to the mutation of the Spike Protein Receptor Binding Region (RBD), but it has not been confirmed that the contents of the mutation beyond the scope of response of Pfizer and Modena vaccines The effectiveness of the Celltrion antibody treatment is also estimated to have no problem.

 

Celltrion Chairman Seo Jeong-jin explained about the phase 2 clinical trial of the developed treatment in an interview with MBC Radio'Kim Jong-bae's attention' on November 11th, and in the early treatment that the virus died within 4 to 5 days in mild patients in the last phase 1 clinical trial. Showed confidence in. Accordingly, the clinical content announced on the 13th is more noticeable in a severe situation where more than 1,000 confirmed cases are occurring.

 

Another problem raised with this expectation is as follows. This is a fact that a monoclonal antibody treatment in the same way as Celltrion treatment was first developed by a global pharmaceutical company, but it did not show great efficacy in the United States. REGN-COV2, which was developed by the global pharmaceutical company Regeneron in the United States and was first approved by the US FDA in October, is the monoclonal antibodies casirivimab-REGN10933 and imdevimab-REGN10987, considering viral mutations. It is a treatment developed as a cocktail therapy. It can be administered to patients with mild and severe symptoms over 12 years of age, but it has not been approved for use in patients who require oxygen therapy for patients hospitalized with COVID-19.

 

Next, global pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly developed the antibody treatment LY-CoV555 (Bamranibimab), which can be administered over the age of 12 and confirmed the medication effect within 10 days after the onset of symptoms of positive diagnoses, and received FDA approval in November. However, even taking into account the limitations of early-stage treatment for mild patients, such antibody treatments have been neglected at treatment sites that filled hospitals across the United States.

 

With such interest, the results of the clinical study of Celltrion's Corona 19 antibody treatment drug, which was first researched and developed in Korea, will be announced on the 13th. I only hope that the outstanding effectiveness will be announced and become the wisdom of the country that the people long for.

 

Along with the research and development of such Celltrion antibody treatment, domestic and overseas clinical trials are underway for the development of COVID-19 treatment by numerous Korean biopharmaceutical companies. Representatively, Ilyang Pharmaceutical. Chong Kun Dang. Daewoong Pharmaceutical. Green cross. Bukwang Pharmaceutical. NG Chem. Shinpoong Pharmaceutical. New Gen Therapeutics. Crystal Genomics. Genexin. It is a biopharmaceutical company like Immunmed.

 

Among them, the results of the Phase 3 clinical trial in Russia of Supect (ingredient name: Radotinib), a new Korean drug developed by Ilyang Pharmaceutical, which started overseas clinical trials, is the most noteworthy drug. Ilyang Pharm tested for SARS-CoV-2 virus sold from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention through an in vitro test in the laboratory of the Biosafety Center of Korea University College of Medicine in March last year, and tested Supect, a new drug for leukemia (CML). It was announced on March 13 that this was confirmed.

 

As a result, Ilyang Pharmaceutical planned a clinical trial in Korea, but at that time, it encountered a problem that it was difficult to conduct a normal clinical trial in the situation where a small number of infected people occurred per day. In addition, since it is an oral drug, it is difficult to administer overseas clinical trials because the approval for therapeutic use targeting severe Corona 19 patients is also a problem. Accordingly, in 2014, in consultation with Alfam Pharmaceutical, the No. 1 pharmaceutical company in the Russian pharmaceutical industry, which signed a Russian copyright contract for a new drug for leukemia (CML) in Korea (CML), a Russian clinical trial was promoted by Alfam Pharmaceutical. On May 14, the Ministry of Health of Russia approved and registered a phase 3 clinical trial (evaluating the efficacy and safety of Radotinib in the treatment of inpatients with Corona 19). After that, on May 21, the two companies signed an agreement for the phase 3 clinical trial of the COVID-19 treatment. The agreement stated by Ilyang Pharmaceutical was that Alfam Pharmaceutical would pay all the costs, and Ilyang Pharmaceutical would provide Supect, a clinical drug.

 

These contents were announced to the world through joint announcements of the two companies on May 26th. The contents jointly announced at the time (clinical trials will be conducted on 145 mild and severe corona19 confirmed patients at 11 institutions in Russia and neighboring Belarus, and it is decided to confirm the significance of Supect's'treatment effect' after 2 weeks of administration. In addition, as for the clinical results derived from the completion of the process, Ilyang Pharmaceuticals granted the right and exclusive right to sell to Alfam (all of the finished products were imported and sold from Ilyang Pharmaceuticals upon commercialization) in Russia and Belarus only. Other countries will exercise the right of clinical results).

 

In addition to the contents jointly announced at the time, Ilyang Pharmaceutical announced the following. (This time, the Russian clinical approval is the first case of overseas clinical approval among the'Corona 19 virus treatment candidates' of several domestic companies, and it is a domestic new drug with proven safety and can be commercialized as a treatment quickly compared to other candidates. The expectation for'drug re-creation' can also be raised.)

 

On June 8, after the news was announced, Ilyang Pharm CEO Kim Dong-yeon, who was a scientist, delivered the title of a message of hope to the hearts of the whole people, saying (Korean new drug superior to Remdesivir, will return the world to pre-Corona 19). Through the JoongAng Ilbo interview, the following main contents were revealed.

 

When asked how to treat Corona 19, which is a chronic myelogenous leukemia treatment, CEO Kim said (I asked the Korea University Medical School to see the effect of killing the Corona 19 virus. After 48 hours, the virus decreased by 70% compared to the virus-only control group, which is more effective than Remdesivir, Kaletra, Chloroquine, and Avigan. (Supect said that it is effective against COVID-19). In response to the question of (I think it is possible. In terms of mechanism of action, Supect inhibits the proliferation of the Corona 19 virus by acting in the pre-replication stage of the Corona 19 virus. This is why it is more advantageous than Remdesivir in the treatment of Corona 19. Remdesivir is more advantageous than Remdesivir. If you prevent the virus from replicating, Supect eliminates the possibility of the COVID-19 virus gene even before it starts replicating, there is no room for mutations to be involved, and Supect helps activate NK cells, which are immune cells, so that they become infected with COVID-19. Helping to get rid of the virus also plays a positive role in the treatment of Corona 19) clearly mentioned the problem of the mutant virus that will unfold in the future.

 

Then, on July 1 of the following month, CEO Kim delivered a speech to commemorate the 74th anniversary of the founding of (Asia's first leukemia treatment (Supect), who is now challenging and striving to surpass its value and dignity, and is a relief pitcher to save human life. Rho (I want to become another star)) conveyed a message like a lantern in the severe situation of the times.

 

Ilyang Pharm applied for a preclinical (weasel) test in Korea after the resumption of such clinical trials in Russia, and the results were reported in the third quarter report (Progress: Korea: In vitro drug efficacy evaluation completed, in vivo preclinical test completed (effect). Confirmation), and in addition to this, it was announced as (to be further developed in the future when validity is verified by the results of the Russian phase 3 clinical trial).

 

The clinical protocol for phase 3 in Russia, including the Russian Central Infectious Disease Research Institute, was expanded to 29 medical institutions in June and July, including the Russian Center for Infectious Diseases, in June and July. A change was requested and approved by the Ethics Committee on 13 August. In addition, on September 6, the international multi-center clinical trial for the second-line treatment for CML was approved and the GMP inspection of Ilyang Biopharm, a Supect production plant, was conducted from September 21 to 25. This is a preliminary screening procedure for drug registration, which is the regulation of the manufacturing and quality control standards for excellent drugs of overseas manufacturers. On October 20, such GMP conformity approval was registered on the website of the relevant Russian Ministry.

 

The addition of leukemia treatment clinical trials during the clinical trials of such COVID-19 treatments has led to a lot of speculation, but Russian Alfam Pharmaceuticals, which is the lead of the clinical trial, and Ilyang Pharmaceuticals, a drug manufacturer, have not officially commented on this, leading to more speculation. In particular, in the process of not having any notices, reports or mentions after the clinical trial, Alfam, Russia, on December 20th, through a completely renewed homepage, provides a complete explanation of the fact that the clinical trial of the new domestic drug Radotinib has been completed and is in the drug registration process stage. The dot graph of the main presentation (PDF) on December 17, which was not present, and the bar graph on the homepage afterwards, are displayed, which is arousing extraordinary interest.

 

Ilyang Pharmaceutical also announced the following information on the website on December 24 last year after the homepage renewal of Alfam Pharmaceutical in Russia. (Currently, Alfam, Russia, has been targeting 180 patients in 29 hospitals in Russia and Belarus to confirm the effectiveness of Supect (raw material: Radotinib) provided by Ilyang Pharmaceuticals as a treatment for coronavirus infection-19 until April 30. It is in phase 3 clinical trial with plans to end the clinical trial. If a report on the clinical results comes from Alfam, Russia, even before the end of the clinical trial, it will be immediately disclosed regardless of whether or not it is valid.)

 

The world, which has been running through a world of containment and disconnection for the past year due to the Corona 19 virus disaster, is now more and more withdrawn from the mutant viruses in Switzerland, Britain and South Africa, which have more and more powerful spreading power. As of today, the world's strongest United States has an infection rate of 6.92% of the population, that is, one out of 15 people is infected and a cure rate of 56.8%, half of the infected remain as patients. Furthermore, the mutant corona 19 virus 20A.EU1, also known as A222V, jointly announced by the University of Basel in Switzerland and the Spanish research team in November, has the highest infection rate in Europe, with its strong transmission power of 5.52% compared to the population of Switzerland, the world's most developed country. In addition, the UK, which issued an emergency containment order across England for a new mutant virus with strong transmission power, has disclosed a high rate of infection to the population of 4.52% and a low cure rate of 45.7% for the first time since the 7th. Furthermore, France is showing a shocking cure rate of 7.2%. The Japanese archipelago was shocked as there were more than 7,000 confirmed cases a day in neighboring Japan.

 

Korea has endured all kinds of difficulties through quarantine measures to ensure economic activity and to ensure economic activity.

 

Over the past year, Korea has endured all kinds of difficulties through quarantine and distancing living distances to ensure economic activity, and has overcome it through a careful and systematic response of the government based on a mature public consciousness. Accordingly, the world gave the wise name of the country called K-Defense. We must achieve a history in which the people and the government must unite in unity in the face of the violent wind of transformation and pass on the overcoming of the wise era to future generations.

 

 

Today, preventive vaccines have been developed and are being vaccinated in major countries around the world, but looking at the current situation, the importance of wise quarantine will be reduced. In particular, vaccines are also important for the end of COVID-19, returning to the former free world, but the development of treatments along with quarantine, which appeared as the most important role, is a very important task. However, unlike vaccines, the development of therapeutics has not shown such achievements in any global pharmaceutical company.

 

Accordingly, the clinical results of the phase 2 antibody treatment of Celltrion, a new domestic drug, to be announced on the 13th are historically significant. Along with this, the results of the Korean new drug Supect (ingredient name: Radotinib), which is awaiting the results of the overseas phase 3 clinical trial, are also of interest. We hope with the people that the successful effectiveness that everyone is paying attention to the world will be confirmed and become the wisdom of a country that illuminates the world both in Korea and abroad. artwww@naver.com

 

*Writer: Ilyoung Lee

 

Director of the Korean Art Center. Columnist. poet

 

 

   

  
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